The Science
Sample Processing
Advanced laboratory analysis for accurate genetic results
Personalized Prescribing Lab
We process test samples at PGX Lab Solutions, a division of Personalized Prescribing.
Located in the Greater Toronto Area.
Once samples arrive, the processing begins with our rigorous seven-step protocol.
Our Processing Protocol
DNA Extraction
DNA is extracted from the swab sample using an automated Thermo Fisher DNA extraction kit.
Quality Verification
The purified DNA concentration is measured to verify extraction quality.
DNA Amplification
Purified DNA undergoes amplification using iPLEX extension primers for SNP or somatic mutation analysis. Agena Bioscience custom designs all oligos for PCR amplification and iPLEX extension reactions.
Extension Reaction
Post-PCR, excess nucleotides are dephosphorylated by shrimp alkaline phosphatase (SAP). An iPLEX single base extension reaction follows, incorporating oligonucleotide extension primers, extension enzyme, and mass-modified dideoxynucleotide terminators. Primers anneal adjacent to SNP sites and extend via single complementary base incorporation.
Sample Preparation
Extension products are desalted using Clean Resin, then transferred via manual dispensation or automated nanodispenser onto a SpectroCHIP Array, where they crystallize with pre-spotted MALDI matrix.
Mass Spectrometry Analysis
The SpectroCHIP Array loads into the MassARRAY Analyzer for laser irradiation, inducing desorption and ionization. Positively charged molecules accelerate toward a detector. Time-of-flight separation occurs proportionally to molecular mass. The entire process from laser firing to signal detection takes less than 50 minutes to analyze 384 samples.
Capillary Gel Electrophoresis
At PGX Lab Solutions, we go beyond standard SNP genotyping. Using Capillary Gel Electrophoresis, we measure the physical length of complex DNA segments known as Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs). This precision technology is essential for analyzing polymorphic regions in SLC6A4, SLC6A3, MAO-A, and DRD4, providing the mechanical data necessary for drug response.
Laboratory Analysis
The entire process from DNA extraction to signal detection takes around 12–14 hours to analyze each sample.
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